The production of plants through seeds is time consuming and there are several crop plants that are incapable to produce seed. Plant tissue culture aids in the speedy production of plantlets and also supports to produce seedless plants directly through plant cells, tissues or other plant parts. Plant tissue culture leads to the fast production of high-quality, disease-free plants, which is only imaginable by micropropagation. Plants can be produced around the year, regardless of period and climate. Anther, pollen or microspore cultures leads to the production of haploid plants. Usage of callus, ovule and embryo rescue techniques has made wide hybridization effective; as a consequence, viable plantlets acquired from wide crosses. Plant tissue culture has commenced as the most capable area of biotechnological techniques for present and future agriculture. Its concealments a comprehensive area from production of disease-free plants, production of pharmaceutically important compounds: secondary metabolites, micropropagation of horticultural, ornamental, medicinal and forest trees etc.; the production of haploids and triploids, genetic transformation and enhancement in nutritional value of crop plants and developing resistance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, plant tissue culture technique is an expensive technology compared to traditional methods. It necessitates sophisticated laboratories and skilled-person hence, it is essential to diminish price by espousing appropriate events and better application of resources and improved process competence. Plant tissue culture efficaciously applied in plant breeding for the speedy production of improved crop plants and become an integral part of plant breeding. The loss of germplasm is a very serious problem when the germplasm is deposited in field gene banks. In vitro storage of germplasm through plant tissue culture and cryopreservation resolves the problem of harm of genetic resources in field gene banks. As a result, the future generations will be able to use genetic resources for their research work to further improvement in crop plants. Cell culture has an excessive role in the future as it is related with genetic transformation of the plants, which facilitates the production of transgenic plants.
Artificial seed, Callus, Germplasm conservation, Meristem, Micropropagation, Plant tissue culture, Somatic embryogenesis, Transgenic plants
Adlak, T., Tiwari, S., Rathore, M. S., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, P. N., & Tripathi, M. K. (2023). Biotechnological approaches for genetic improvement of crops. book: Cutting Edge Research in Biology, 7, 63-84.
Adlak, T., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, M. K., Gupta, N., Sahu, V. K., Bhawar, P., & Kandalkar, V. S. (2019). Biotechnology: An advanced tool for crop improvement. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 33(1), 1-11.
Ahuja, A., Kitchlu, S.K., Bakshi, S.K., Tripathi, M.K.& Tiwari G. (2016). Volatile terpenoid spectrum of essential oil of micropropagated and naturally grown plants in cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus L.) International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 8(53), 2718-2720.
Ahuja, A., Tripathi, M.K. & Singh, S. P. (2016). Plant cell cultures – an efficient resource for the production of biologically important metabolites: recent developments-a review. Progressive Research, 11(1), 1-8.
Ahuja, A., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, G., Mishra, N., ... & Tiwari, S. (2021). Recent advancements on callus and cell suspension cultures: An effectual reserve for the production of pharmaceutically significant metabolites. Res. Dev., 6, 96-111.
Baghel, R. S., Tiwari, S., & Tripathi, M. K. (2008). Comparison of morphogenic and plant regeneration ability of some explants of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 4, 125- 136.
Bairwa, S. K., Kushwah, S. S., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., & Baghel, B. S. (2010). Regeneration of Cucumis melo L. through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from cultured embryonic axes. Vegetable Science, 37(1), 14-20.
Bairwa, S. K., Tripathi, M. K., Kushwah, S. S., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2008). Effect of genotypes and plant growth regulators on regulation of in vitro morphogenesis in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) from cultured mature cotyledons. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 9 (1-2), 45-60.
Bairwa, S. K., Tripathi, M. K., Kushwah, S. S., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2010). Induction of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from hypocotyl of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Int J Agric Technol., 6(4), 687-702.
Bairwa, S. K., Tripathi, M. K., Kushwah, S. S., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2012). Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from embryogenic suspension culture in muskmelon. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 69(3), 338-347.
Bele, D., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2012). Micro cloning of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) from cultured leaf discs. J. Agric. Technol., 8, 571-583.
Bele, D., Mishra, N., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, M. K., & Tiwari, G. (2019). Massive in vitro cloning of sandalwood (Santalum album linn.) via cultured nodal segments. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 33(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v33i130045
Bhatia, S. (2015a). Application of plant biotechnology. in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences (pp. 157–207). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802221-4.00005-4
Bhatia, S. (2015b). History and scope of plant biotechnology. In modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences (pp. 1–30). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802221-4.00001-7
Bhatt, D., Tripathi, M. K., Vidhya Sankar, M., & Patel, R. P. (2017). Plantlet regeneration in Gerbera jamesonii from cultured leaf discs. Eco. Env. & Con., 23, S151-S158.
Bhatt, D., Tripathi, M. K., Vidhya Sankar, M., Tiwari, S., Sharma, M., & Tripathi, N. (2022). Standardization of in vitro regeneration protocol in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Ex Hooker F. book: Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences, 7, 105-121.https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctas/v7/2303B
Bhatt, D., Tripathi, M. K., Singh, L., Gurjar, P. K. S., Barholia, A. K., Jatav, R., & Vasure, N. (2015). In vitro morphogenesis studies in Gerbera jamesonii bolus ex hooker F. International Journal of Bioresource Science, 2(3), 195-204.
Brown, C. R., Kwiatkowski, S., Martin, M. W., & Thomas, P. E. (1988). Eradication of PVS from potato clones through excision of meristems from in vitro, heat-treated shoot tips. American Potato Journal, 65, 633- 638.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854831
Cassells, A. C. (2003). Tissue culture| micropropagation. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227050- 9/00214-3
Chandran, H., Meena, M., Barupal, T., & Sharma, K. (2020). Plant tissue culture as a perpetual source for production of industrially important bioactive compounds. Biotechnology reports, 26, e00450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00450
Darvishi, E., Zarghami, R., Mishani, C. A., & Omidi, M. (2006). Effects of different hormone treatments on nonembryogenic and embryogenic callus induction and time-term enzyme treatments on number and viability of isolated protoplasts in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In II International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology, 739, 279-284. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.739.35
Davey, M. (2017). Secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807- 6.00146-5
Dörnenburg, H., & Knorr, D. (1995). Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. Enzyme and microbial technology, 17(8), 674-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141- 0229(94)00108-4
Drewes-Alvarez, R. (2017). Early Embryo Rescue. In book: Reference Module in Life Sciences DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.05002-0
Efferth, T. (2019). Biotechnology applications of plant callus cultures. Engineering, 5(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.006
Ehsanpoor, A., & Amini, F. (2003). Plant cell and tissue culture. Iranian Academic Center for Education, Isfahan Branch, 80-81.
Gajbhiye, S. S., Tripathi, M. K., Vidya, M. S., Singh, M., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2011). Direct shoot organogenesis from cultured stem disc explants of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7(3), 695-709.
George, E. F. (1993). Plant propagation by tissue culture. Part 1: The technology (No. Ed.2, pp. viii+-574). George, E. F., & Sherrington, P. D. (1984). Plant propagation by tissue culture (pp. 709-pp).
Gould, J., Devey, M., Hasegawa, O., Ulian, E. C., Peterson, G., & Smith, R. H. (1991). Transformation of Zea mays L. using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the shoot apex. Plant physiology, 95(2), 426-434. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.95.2.426
Gray, D. J., Purohit, A., & Triglano, R. N. (1991). Somatic embryogenesis and development of synthetic seed technology. Critical reviews in plant sciences, 10(1), 33-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689109382306
Preil, W. (2003). Micropropagation of ornamental plants. In Plant Tissue Culture: 100 Years Since Gottlieb Haberlandt (pp. 115-133). Vienna: Springer Vienna.
Hasandokht, M. R., & Ebrahimi, R. (2006). Basics of plant tissue culture. Edition: Book, Persian Publisher: Marze Danesh (Iran, Tehran).
Hussey, G. (1986). Vegetative propagation of plants by tissue culture. Plant cell culture technology, 29-66.
Jabeen, A., Mir, J. I., Malik, G., Yasmeen, S., Ganie, S. A., Rasool, R., & Hakeem, K. R. (2024). Biotechnological interventions of improvement in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 329, 112966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.112966
Jhankare, A., Tiwari, G., Tripathi, M. K., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2011). Plant regeneration from mature cotyledon, embryo and hypocotyls explants of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7(4), 1023-1035.
Jhankare, A., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Pandey, A., Patel, R. P., & Patidar, H. (2013). Efficient plantlet regeneration from cultured nodal segment of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 14, 99-110.
Jhankare, A., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Pandey, G. N., Tiwari, S., & Baghel, B. S. (2011). Plantlet regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension culture in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.). Indian J. Plant Physiol., 16 (2), 189-199.
Karamian, R. (2003). Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in four species of Crocus. In International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology, 650 (pp. 253- 259). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.650.28
Kartha, K. K. (1981). Meristem culture and cryopreservation--methods and applications. American Society for Horticultural Science. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 181-211.
Kartha, K. K. (1986). Production and indexing of disease-free plants. Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications/ [edited by] Lyndsey A. Withers, PG Alderson.
Kasha, K. J., & Maluszynski, M. (2003). Production of doubled haploids in crop plants. An introduction. In Doubled haploid production in crop plants: a manual (pp. 1-4). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1293-4_1
Keller, E. J., & Korzun, L. (1996). Ovary and ovule culture for haploid production. In In Vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants: Volume 1—Fundamental Aspects and Methods (pp. 217-235). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1860-8_13
Kumar, P. P. & Loh, C. S. (2012). Plant tissue culture for biotechnology. In Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture (pp. 131–138). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381466-1.00009-2
Kurmi, U. S., Sharma, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Baghel, B. S. & Tiwari, S. (2011). Plant regeneration of Vitis vinifera (L) via direct and indirect organogenesis from cultured nodal segments. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 7(3), 721-737.
Kurmi, U. S., Sharma, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Mishra, S. N., Baghel, B.S. et al. (2010). In vitro
shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Vitis vinifera (L.). Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 11, 65-75.
Limasset, P., & Cornuet, P. (1949). Recherche du virus de la mosaïque du tabac dans les méristèmes des plantes infectées. CR Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 228, 1971-1972.
Malviya, R. K., Tripathi, M., Vidhyashankar, M., Patel, R. P., & Ahuja, A. (2018). Effect of different phytohormones on plant regeneration of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) from cultured cormel. Asian Jr. of Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sci., 19(2), 155-165.
Maqsood, M., Khusrau, M., Mujib, A., & Kaloo, Z. A. (2021). Synthetic seed technology in some ornamental and medicinal plants: An overview. Propagation and genetic manipulation of plants, 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7736-9_2
Mellor, F. C., & Stace-Smith, R. (1987). Virus-free potatoes through meristem culture. In Potato (pp. 30-39). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72773-3_3
Mishra, N., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Sapre, S., Ahuja, A., & Tiwari, S. (2021). Cell suspension culture and in vitro screening for drought tolerance in soybean using poly-ethylene glycol. Plants, 10(3), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030517
Mishra, R., Tripathi, M. K., Shrivastava, M.K., & Amrate, P. K. (2024). Genetic diversity in crop improvement-A cornerstone for sustainable agriculture and global food security. In Advances in Plant Biotechnology (Volume 1) (pp. 1-21). Cornous Publications LLP. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37446/volbook032024/1-21
Moshtaghi, N. (2020). Tissue and cell culture of saffron. In Saffron (pp. 229-246). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818638-1.00014-9
Muir, W. H., Hildebrandt, A. C., & Riker, A. J. (1954). Plant tissue cultures produced from single isolated cells. Science, 119(3103), 877-878. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.119.3103.877.b
Nandini, B., & Giridhar, P. (2019). Insight view of topical trends on synthetic seeds of rare and endangered plant species and its future prospects. Synthetic Seeds: Germplasm Regeneration, Preservation and Prospects, 113-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_5
Nehra, N. S., & Kartha, K. K. (1994). Meristem and shoot tip culture: requirements and applications. In Plant cell and tissue culture, (pp. 37-70). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2681- 8_3
Offord, C. A. (2017). Germplasm conservation. In Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (pp. 281–288). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00046-0
Ozyigit, I. I., Dogan, I., Hocaoglu-Ozyigit, A., Yalcin, B., Erdogan, A., Yalcin, I. E., ... & Kaya, Y. (2023). Production of secondary metabolites using tissue culture-based biotechnological applications. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1132555.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1132555
Pandotra, P., & Gupta, S. (2015). Biotechnological approaches for conservation of plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Food Security, 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0060-7_7
Patidar, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2009). Differentiation abilities of callus induced from different explants of aonla (Emblica officinalis GAERTN.). Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 131-144.
Patidar, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Baghel, B. S., Tiwari, S., (2010). In vitro propagation of Emblica officinalis from nodal segment culture. Journal of Agriculture Technology, 6(2), 245-256.
Patidar, H. O., Vidhya Sankar, M., Tripathi, M. K., & Patel, R. P. (2013). Effect of auxins and cytokinins on shoot formation of Gerbera jamesonii. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol, Biol., 14, 128-138.
Patidar, S. L., Tiwari, G., Tripathi, M. K., Patel, R. P. & Mishra, S. N. (2015). In vitro biosynthesis and quantification of plumbagin in cell suspension culture of Plumbago zeylanica. Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 7(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2015.00009.X
Patidar, S. L., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Chundawat, R. S., Pandey, A., Patidar, H., & Pandey, G. (2013). In vitro micropropagation of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. through nodal segment and leaf explants. Plant Cell Biotech. & Mol. Biol., 14, 72-83.
Patidar, S. L., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Patel, R. P., & Ahuja, A. (2017). Standardization of an efficient and reproducible embryogenic cell suspension culture protocol for production of secondary metabolites in Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Ecol. Environ. Conserv., 23, 373-380.
Pavelek, M., Vrbová-Prokopová, M., Ondráčková, E., Ludvíková, M., & Griga, M. (2020). Developments in fibrous flax and linseed breeding and cultivation. In Handbook of Natural Fibres (pp. 605-692). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818398-4.00019-0
Pond, S. & Cameron, S. (2017). Artificial seeds. In Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (pp. 419–427). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00227-6
Qahtan, A. A., Abdel-Salam, E. M., Alatar, A. A., Wang, Q. C., & Faisal, M. (2019). An introduction to synthetic seeds: Production, techniques, and applications. Synthetic seeds: germplasm regeneration, preservation and prospects, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_1
Quak, F. (1972). Viruses of potatoes and seed potato production,158 -166.
Raghuvanshi, S., Tripathi, M. K., Vidhya-Sankar, M., & Singh, O. P. (2013). Establishment of low-cost effective protocol for massive in vitro propagation in Polianthes tuberosa Linn. Plant Cell Biotech. & Mol. Biol., 14, 49-59.
Rai, M. K. (2022). Plant tissue culture targeting germplasm conservation. In Advances in Plant Tissue Culture (pp. 205-221). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90795-8.00008-4
Raja, W., Zaffer, G., & Wani, S. A. (2006, October). In vitro microcorm formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In II International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology, 739 (pp. 291- 296). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.739.37
Richa, U. (2022). Anther culture for haploid plant production. In Advances in Plant Tissue Culture (pp. 157- 174). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90795-8.00004-7
Rogo, U., Fambrini, M., & Pugliesi, C. (2023). Embryo rescue in plant breeding. Plants, 12(17), 3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173106
Rokka, V. M. (2015). Protoplast technology in genome manipulation of potato through somatic cell
fusion. Somatic Genome Manipulation: Advances, Methods, and Applications, 217-235. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2389-2_10
Sarathe, S., Tripathi, M. K., Vidhya Sankar, M., & Singh, O. P. (2013). Studies on in vitro morphogenesis from bulb scale and leaf disc explant of Amaryllis belladonna L. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 14(1&2), 22- 32.
Saxena, A., Shukla, M., & Saxena, P. (2019). Synthetic seeds: Relevance to endangered germplasm conservation in vitro. Synthetic Seeds: Germplasm Regeneration, Preservation and Prospects, 21-60. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24631-0_2
Schenk, R. U., & Hildebrandt, A. C. (1972). Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Canadian journal of botany, 50(1), 199- 204.https://doi.org/10.1139/b72-026
Seitz, H. U., Seitz, U., & Alfermann, W. (1985). Pflanzliche Gewebekultur. Ein Praktikum1-3.
Shah, P., Jatav, D. S., Baghel, R. S., Tripathi, M. K., & Tiwari, S. (2008). Studies on use of some low-cost culture medium ingredients for mass in vitro propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum. Indian J Trop. Biodiv., 15, 160-163.
Sharde, R., Tripathi, M. K., Bhatt, D., Tiwari, S., Sharma, M., Tomar, Y. S., & Tripathi, N. (2024). Influence of plant growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis in sprout culture of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato Research, 67(2), 399-420.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-023-09640-w
Sharma, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Baghel, B. S., & Ahuja, A. (2018). Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration via embryogenic suspensions of grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci., 20, S112-S125.
Sharma, N., Tiwari, S., & Tripathi, M. (2003). In vitro response of pigeonpea mature cotyledons from various genotypes on different culture media. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 4(3-4), 117-124.
Sharma, P., Tiwari, G., Tripathi, M. K., Mishra, S. N., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2008). Morphogenesis and plantlet regeneration from leaf disc explants of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). Plant Cell Biotech. &Mol. Biol., 9, 117-126.
Sharma, P., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Tiwari, S., & Baghel, B. S. (2010). Regeneration of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) from cultured nodal segments. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 15, No. 1, (N.S.) 1-10
Sharma, D. R., Kaur, R. & Kumar, K. (1996). Embryo rescue in plants-a review. Euphytica, 89(3), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022289
Sharma, K. D., Singh, B. M., Sharma, T. R., Rathour, R., Sharma, R., & Goel, S. (2005). Development of low- cost media for in vitro shoot regeneration in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Indian Perfumer, 49(3), 333.
Shyam, C., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Solanki, R. S., Sapre, S., ... & Tiwari, S. (2021). In vitro production of somaclones with decreased erucic acid content in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern&Coss]. Plants, 10(7), 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071297
Shyam, C., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Ahuja, A., Tripathi, N. & Gupta, N. et al. (2021). In vitro regeneration from callus and cell suspension cultures in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern & Coss]. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 17(3), 1095-1112.
Shyam, C., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Ahuja, A., Tripathi, N., & Gupta, N. (2021). Plant regeneration in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern & Coss]: Experimental investigation. book: current Topics in Agricultural Sciences. Publisher. BP Global International, 2021, 3(9), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctas/v3/2118C
Singh, D. P., Singh, A. K., & Singh, A. (2021). Plant breeding and cultivar development. Academic Press. ISBN: 9780128175637, 9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 7 5 6 3 - 7eBook ISBN: 9780128175644
Singh, S., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Tejovathi, G., & Ahuja, A. (2021). Encapsulation of nodal segments for propagation and short-term storage of giloe (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.): A medicinally important plant species. Curr. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 40(30), 15- 24. https://doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i3031542
Sink, K. C., Jain, R. K., & Chowdhury, J. B. (1992). Somatic cell hybridization. In Distant hybridization of crop plants (pp. 168-198). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642- 84306-8_10
Smith, R. H. (2013). Plant tissue culture: techniques and experiments. Academic Press.
Suman, S. (2017). Plant tissue culture: A promising tool of quality material production with special reference to micropropagation of banana. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 17(1). 1-26
Takeshita, M., Kato, M., & Tokumasu, S. (1980). Application of ovule culture to the production of intergeneric or interspecific hybrids in Brassica and Raphanus. The Japanese Journal of Genetics, 55(5), 373- 387. https://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.55.373
Thorpe, T. A. (2007). History of plant tissue culture. Molecular Biotechnology, 37, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-007-0031-3
Thorpe, T. A. (Ed.). (2012). In vitro embryogenesis in plants (Vol. 20). Springer Science & Business Media.
Tiwari, S., Agrawal, D. K., Tripathi, M. K., & Shukla, R. S. (2006). Plant regeneration from mature embryo derived calli of Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum. Plant Cell Biotech. & Mol. Biol., 7(3-4), 103-108.
Tiwari, S., Sarathe, V., & Tripathi, M. (2004). Effect of genotype and culture medium on morphogenesis of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) immature embryo culture. Plant Cell Biotech. & Mol. Biol., 5(3-4), 155-160.
Tiwari, S., Shanker, P., Tripathi, M. (2004). Effects of genotype and culture medium on in vitro androgenesis in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) Ind. J. Biotechnol., 3(3), 441-444.
Tiwari, S. & Tripathi, M. (2004). Interspecific hybridization in genus Helianthus through embryo rescue. Plant Cell Biotech. & Mol. Biol., 5(1-2), 65-72.
Tiwari, S., Tripathi, M. K., Khare, U. K., & Pathak, S. K. (2004). Response of exogenous growth regulators on callus proliferation and morphogenesis on mature embryo culture of onion (Allium cepa L.). Veg. Sci., 31(2), 107-111.
Tiwari, S., Tripathi, M. K., Khare, U. K.& Rana, R. (2007). Initiation of embryogenic suspension cultures and plant regeneration in onion (Allium cepa L.). Indian J. Biotechnol., 6, 100-106.
Tiwari, S., & Tripathi, M. K. (2005). Comparison of morphogenic ability of callus types induced from different explants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Legume Research, 28(2), 115-118.
Tiwari, G., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Uikey, D. S. & Patel, R. P. (2021). In vitro production of secondary metabolites reserpine and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth. In Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 4 (pp. 132–152). Book Publisher International (a part of Science Domain International). https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caprd/v4/2136C
Treccarichi, S., Rizzo, G. F. & Branca, F. (2022). In vitro culture for micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, somatic mutation, and somatic hybridization in Brassica juncea (pp. 159–169). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91507-0_9
Tripathi, M. K., Malviya, R. K., Vidhyashankar, M., & Patel, R. P. (2017). Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) from cultured corm slice. Int. J. Agric. Tech, 13(4), 583-599.
Tripathi, M. K., Patidar, D. K., Tiwari, R., Tripathi, N.& Tiwari, S. (2024). Massive in vitro propagation of Emblica officinalis from cultured nodal segments. In book: Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, 10, 57-80.
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Patidar, S. L., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N. & Tiwari, S. (2023). Optimization of an effectual and reproducible plantlet regeneration protocol from embryogenic cell suspension culture in Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, 8, 105-135.
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Payasi, D. K. & Tiwari, S. (2022b). In vitro regeneration of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) employing different explants. Book: Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, 6, 83-116.DOI: 10.22271/ed.book.2048
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Sharma, M. & Mishra, N. (2023). Effect of diverse plant growth regulator concentrations and amalgamations in plantlet regeneration in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth from cell suspension culture. Book: Research Trends in Multidisciplinary Research, 42, 125-153. DOI: 10.22271/ed.book.2087
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Khare, U. K. (2008). In vitro selection for resistance against purple blotch disease of onion (Allium cepa L.) caused by Alternaria porri. Biotechnology, 7(1), 80-86.
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Malviya, R. K., Bhatt, D., Tiwari, P. N.& Tiwari, S. (2023c). In vitro morphogenesis in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.) from corm slice. Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, (8), 73-103.
Tripathi, M. K. & Tiwari, S. (2004b). Differentiation abilities of callus induced from diverse explants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.). Soybean Res., 2, 1-9.
Tripathi, M. & Tiwari, S. (2004c). Effect of genotype and culture medium on callus proliferation and morphogenesis of immature embryonic axes of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 5(1-2), 1-6.
Tripathi, M. & Tiwari, S. (2003a). Epigenesis and high frequency plant regeneration from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls. Plant Tissue Cult., 13(1), 61-73.
Tripathi, M., & Tiwari, S. (2004c). Morphogenesis and plantlet regeneration from soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) leaf discs influenced by genotypes and plant growth regulators. Legume Research, 27(2), 88-93.
Tripathi, M. K. & Tiwari, S. (2003b). Plant regeneration from mature cotyledon derived cultures of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Soybean Res., 1, 65-75.
Tripathi, M. K., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, P. N. & Tiwari, S. (2024). Plant regeneration via direct shoot organogenesis from cultured stem disc in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa Linn.). Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, 10, 81-111.
Tripathi, M. K., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, S., Malviya, R. K., Tiwari, P. N. & Tiwari, S. (2023a). Plant regeneration from cultured cormel explants in gladiolus (Hort.) In book: Recent Advances in Molecular Biology and Plant Physiology, 4, 139-167. DOI: 10.22271/ed.book.2230.
Tripathi, M. K., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, S., Payasi, D. K., Bhatt, D., Tomar, Y. S. et al. (2023b). Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis and regeneration of Amaryllis belladonna L. In book: Recent Advances in Molecular Biology and Plant Physiology, 4, 99-138. DOI: 10.22271/ed.book.2230.
Tripathi MK. Optimization of somatic embryogenesis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) [Ph.D. thesis]. Rewa, India: APS University, 2004.
Tripathi, M. K., Bele, D., Tiwari, G., Patel, R. P., & Ahuja, A. (2017). High frequency in vitro regeneration of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.). Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 9(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2017.00024.7
Tripathi, M. K., Bele, D., Tiwari, S., Mishra, N., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, G. & Tiwari, S. (2022a). Plantlet regeneration from cultured nodal segments in sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.). In Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 2 (pp. 1–21). Book Publisher International (a part of Science Domain International). https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdst/v2/6011F
Tripathi, M. K., Mishra, N., Tiwari, S., Shyam, C., Singh, S. & Ahuja, A. (2019). Plant tissue culture technology: sustainable option for mining high value pharmaceutical compounds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(02), 1002–1010. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.116
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Mishra, N., Tomar, Y. S., ... & Tiwari, S. (2022). Plant regeneration in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth via organogenic mode. book: Research Aspects in Biological Science, 7, 124-155.https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rabs/v7/3678A
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Sharma, M., Bhargav, S., ... & Tiwari, S. (2022). Influence of plant growth regulators on in vitro morphogenesis in Plumbago Zeylanica Linn. book: Research Aspects in Biological Science, 7(7), 96-123. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rabs/v7/3679A
Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, G., Bhatt, D., Vibhute, M., Gupta, N., Mishra, N., Parihar, P., Singh, P., Sharma, A., Ahuja, A., & Tiwari, S. (2021). Plant tissue culture techniques for conservation of biodiversity of some plants appropriate for propagation in degraded and temperate areas. In Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4 (pp. 30–60). Book Publisher International (a part of Science Domain International). https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctas/v4/2119C
Tripathi, M. K., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, G., Mishra, N., Bele, D., Patel, R. P., Sapre, S. & Tiwari, S. (2021). Optimization of different factors for initiation of somatic embryogenesis in suspension cultures in sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Horticulture, 7(5), 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050118
Tripathi, M., Tripathi, N., Tiwari, S., Malviya, R., Tiwari, P. & Tiwari, S. (2023). Plant regeneration from cultured cormel explants in gladiolus (Hort.) (Dr. S. Taria, Ed.). AkiNik Publications. https://doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.2230
Uikey, D. S., Tiwari, G., Tripathi, M. K., & Patel, R. P. (2014). Secondary metabolite production of reserpine and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. through callus and cell suspension culture. International Journal of Indigenous Medicinal Plants, 47(2), 1633-1646.
Uikey, D. S., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Mishra, S. N., Pandey, A., Patidar, H., & Pandey, G. N. (2014). In vitro plant regeneration via organogenesis in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 15, 136-149.
Uikey, S., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Pandey, A., & Patel, R. P. (2013). Microcloning studies in Aloe barbadensis. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 14, 1-11.
Uikey, D. S., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, G., Patel, R. P., & Ahuja, A. (2016). Embryogenic cell suspension culture induction and plantlet regeneration of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.: influence of different plant growth regulator concentrations and combinations. Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 8(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2016.00019.8
Ulian, E. C., Smith, R. H., Gould, J. H., & McKnight, T. D. (1988). Transformation of plants via the shoot apex. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, 24, 951-954. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02623909
Upadhyay, S., Singh, A. K., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., & Patel, R. P. (2023). In vitro selection for resistance against charcoal rot disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Legume Research, 46(5), 640- 646.https://doi.org/10.18805/LR-4440
Veeraballi, T., Tripathi, M. K., Sankar, V. M., & Patel, R. P. (2017). In vitro propagation studies in Amaryllis belladonna L. Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 9(2), 114- 128. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2017.00017.X
Vibhute, M., Tiwari, R., Tripathi, M. K., Baghel, B. S., & Tiwari, S. (2009). Morphogenesis and plantlet regeneration from hypocotyl explants in three selected species of citrus. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 10(1-2), 37-48.
Vibhute, M., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Patel, R. P., Baghel, B. S., & Ahuja, A. (2017). Comparison of in vitro plantlet regeneration aptitude of three citrus species from cultured nodal segments via organogenic mode. Eco. Env. & Cons., 23(2), 1043-1055.
Vibhute, M., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Baghel, B. S. & Tiwari, S. (2012). Interspecific morphogenic ability differences in citrus. Journal of Agriculture Technology, 8(2), 625-638.
Vibhute, M., Tripathi, M. K., Tiwari, R., Tiwari, S., Tripathi, N., Sharma, M., ... & Tiwari, S. (2022). Massive in vitro propagation from cultured nodal segment of three Citrus species. book: Research Aspects in Biological Science, 6, 102-127.https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rabs/v6/3508B
Vivek, M., & Modgil, M. (2018). Elimination of viruses through thermotherapy and meristem culture in apple cultivar ‘Oregon Spur-II’. Virus Disease, 29, 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-018-0437-5
Walkey, D. G. A. (1981). Production of virus-free plants by tissue culture.
White, P. R. (1934). Potentially unlimited growth of excised tomato root tips in a liquid medium. Plant Physiology, 9(3), 585–600. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.9.3.585
Wijerathna-Yapa, A., & Hiti-Bandaralage, J. (2023). Tissue culture-A sustainable approach to explore plant stresses. Life, 13(3), 780.https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030780
Yogranjan, Eapen, S., Tiwari, S., & Tripathi, M. K. (2006). Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using epicotyl explants. Plant Cell Biotechnol. & Mol. Biol., 7(1-2), 73-76.
Ziv, M. & Altman, A. (2003). Tissue culture| general principles. In book: Encyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences, DOI: 10.1016/B0-12-227050-9/00213-1
