Domestication is a process of bringing wild plants (or animals) under human management for betterment of social animals and humans in general. This co-evolutionary process leads to origin of new species or differentiated populations that helps critically in human survival. Darwin’s early models of evaluation was dependent on selection and variations occurred due to domestication. Especially, crop domestications are results of process, from arising as a wild plant (animal), cultivation in new selective environment, adaptation to usage by humans. It plays an important role in survival and fitness of Homo sapience by co-evaluation and propagated under human manipulated environment. The results of domestications are not only one sided, it’s mutual and resulted in increased fitness, population size and species area expansion (outside center of origin). Unlike domesticated animals, plants are evident to play role in hybridization (inter/intra specific) and origin of cultivated many food crop species (rice, wheat, banana, citrus etc.). In the past a few decades, plant breeding has advanced faster and better with the new age technologies like genetic engineering, biotechnology, genome editing etc. We are getting clear understanding that domestication is the foundation base for evolution, diversity, diversification, climate resilient cultivars and food security. It hasn’t only led to develop new plant species or varieties with better quantitative and quality traits but it also enables breeders and farmers to cultivate crops outside area of its origin, which contributes to food security and sustainable agriculture.
Plant domestications, Genetic diversity, Nature of selection, Crop plant evolution
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