Maize, as a major global staple crop, faces a wide range of biotic stresses that significantly affect its growth, yield, and quality. Biotic stresses in maize are caused by living organisms, such as insects, pathogens, nematodes, and weeds. These stresses can lead to reduced productivity, loss of quality, and increased costs for farmers who must manage or mitigate their effects. IPM is a holistic approach to managing pests in maize using sustainable, environmentally friendly practices. Combines cultural, biological, mechanical, and chemical control methods. Cultural practices include crop rotation, resistant maize varieties, and habitat manipulation. Biological control involves using natural enemies such as parasitoid and predators to manage pest populations. Chemical control focuses on bio-pesticides and selective insecticides with minimal environmental impact. Regular monitoring and early pest detection are critical for timely interventions and informed decision-making. Reduces reliance on chemical pesticides, minimizing harm to the environment and non-target organisms. Improves maize productivity by preventing pest-related damage. Promotes ecological balance and long-term agricultural sustainability. IPM is vital for meeting the growing global demand for maize while conserving natural resources.
Maize, Insects, Pathogen, IPM, Chemical
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