Forward genetics involves identifying and characterizing genes responsible for observed mutant phenotypes. The process begins with observing or measuring a phenotype, followed by mapping the genes or loci causing the phenotype. This method is unbiased in gene identification since it focuses primarily on the phenotype. In contrast, reverse genetics begin with a known gene and examines the resulting phenotype after the gene's disruption. To generate random mutations in organisms, techniques like ultraviolet irradiation, X-rays and chemical treatments are used. Molecular markers which can measure the genetic variation across the genome were used to distinguish different strains. Advances in technology and genomic knowledge have expanded the sources of these markers. Thus, in plant breeding, forward genetics is vital in identifying genes associated with desirable traits, while reverse genetics is important for validating gene functions and developing crops with targeted improvements.
Forward genetics, Molecular makers, Genomic knowledge, Ultraviolet irradiation
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