DNA markers allowed marker-assisted selection, which increased the output and precision of traditional plant breeding. MAS has accelerated and improved the methodology of plant breeding, helping plant breeders all around the world. This chapter explores the principles, types, and applications of molecular markers in crop breeding programmes. Molecular markers, such as RFLPs, RAPD, AFLPs, SNPs and SSRs, offer advantages such as high reproducibility, abundance, and genome-wide coverage. This tactic has been effectively employed in various crops for characters for instance disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality attributes. In addition to marker assisted selection, highly polymorphic molecular markers are produced for gene mapping, genetic diversity estimate, crop development and phylogeny, heterosis investigation, evaluation of diploid/haploid crops, and genotyping of cultivars.
Abiotic stress, Crop breeding, DNA, Heterosis, MAS, Molecular markers
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