Organisms categorised as polyploids are those that possess more chromosomal sets than diploid organisms and are categorised as either euploid or aneuploid. In addition to happening naturally, antimitotic agents can also be used for artificial polyploidization. Natural hybridization between species with varying ploidy levels can result in the formation of polyploids. Flow cytometry analysis is the most widely utilised technique for identification of polyploidy. One important mechanism for adaptation and speciation is polyploidy. Artificial polyploidization has increasingly become a prominent strategy in plant mutation breeding as it involves mutation of genome which results in greater phenotypic variation. In this chapter, techniques of polyploidization and effect of polyploidization in different crops will be discussed.
Polyploidy, Autopolyploidy, Allopolyploidy, Flow cytometry, colchicine
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