The interesting topic of sustainable agriculture and food security is explored in this book chapter. It looks at the difficulties in feeding the world's expanding population, highlighting how plant breeding may increase food yields and resilience. The chapter examines the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the creation of crops resistant to abiotic stress, and techniques for water-saving farming. Additionally, it talks about how important plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are to crop productivity and soil health. The chapter discusses the Green Revolution's historical relevance as well as its effects on the security of food and nutrition. The significance of genetics and sophisticated breeding techniques for crop types robust to climate change is emphasized.